Figs were one of the first cultivated fruit trees, inspiring stories and cultures in both ancient and modern times. They have been successfully grown in the Northeast for years, both in-ground and in pots. Backyard enthusiasts have developed helpful tips for cultivating figs in our challenging climate.
Creating a Favorable Microclimate
Figs originated in western Asia and the Mediterranean, thriving in hot, dry climates. In the Northeast, you can help figs grow successfully by creating a microclimate:
Placement: Plant figs against a south-facing wall or fence for maximum sun exposure. If that's not possible, a southwest exposure is preferable to southeast, as the afternoon sun is stronger.
Mulching: Use black plastic mulch or ground cover to warm the soil in spring and extend the growing season into fall. Your local nursery can provide these materials.
Growth Patterns and Pruning
Figs grow slowly in March and April but experience a growth surge in late May and June, often growing over one foot per month. While rapid growth is beneficial, it can cause the tree to become imbalanced and reduce fruit production.
The Importance of Pruning
Annual pruning is essential to:
Maintain a balanced structure
Encourage vigorous regrowth
Ensure optimal fruit production
Basic Fig Tree Pruning Guidelines
In a tree form, prune all lateral branches down to one or two nodes; they will regrow the following year.
Since figs bear fruit on new growth, vigorous regrowth is desirable.
Once the tree reaches the desired height, train it to an open-center form by pinching the apical bud (top-most bud)—this encourages lateral branching.
Select 4-5 buds to form the "sun cup" (the open canopy structure). Choose buds facing outward, as they will grow in the direction they are pointing.
Remove any growth from the base of the tree, as it diverts energy from fruit production.
Sun and Heat: The Keys to a Healthy Fig Tree
No fertilizer can replace bright sunshine and warm temperatures in promoting healthy fig trees. Two key concepts in fruit tree growth are:
Interception: The tree must have well-spaced branches to capture sunlight efficiently for photosynthesis and sugar production.
Infiltration: Light must reach the core of the tree; otherwise, fruit won’t mature and ripen properly. At least 50% of available sunlight should reach fruit-bearing branches.
Preferred Growth Structure: Open-Center Form
An open-center form (as opposed to a central leader) is best for figs.
This structure resembles a cone, wide at the top, narrow at the bottom.
The top branches should form a “sun cup” to maximize sun exposure.
Fig Trees vs. Fig Bushes
Figs can grow in two basic forms: a bush or a tree.
Neglected fig bushes tend to become overgrown, often dying to the ground in winter and sprouting dozens of weak shoots in spring.
Overcrowded branches block sunlight, leading to poor fruiting.
Just like apples or pears, fig trees require maintenance to grow and produce fruit consistently.
Other Helpful Tips
Soil: Figs will grow in almost any soil but thrive in well-drained loam.
Watering: Once established, figs need little to no watering. Underwatering is better than overwatering.
Fertilization: Figs require minimal fertilizer. If you choose to fertilize, use a well-balanced formula like Ezra Solomon’s Fertilizer.
Pests:
Birds can be deterred with bird netting.
Ants can be prevented by wrapping duct tape (sticky side out) around the trunk.
Unwanted shoots should be pruned—growth from the base of the tree diverts energy away from fruit production.
By following these tips, you can successfully grow healthy, productive fig trees in the Northeast!
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